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Molecular medicine is a broad field, where physical, chemical, biological and medical techniques are used to describe molecular structures and mechanisms, identify fundamental molecular and genetic errors of disease, and to develop molecular interventions to correct them. The molecular medicine perspective emphasizes cellular and molecular phenomena and interventions rather than the previous conceptual and observational focus on patients and their organs.〔Massoud TF, Gambhir SS. ( Integrating noninvasive molecular imaging into molecular medicine: an evolving paradigm ), ''Trends in Molecular Medicine'', Vol. 13, No. 5, May 2007, pp. 183-191〕 In November 1949, with the seminal paper, "Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease",〔L Pauling, H Itano, SJ Singer, I Wells. ("Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease" ). ''Science'', 25 November 1949, vol. 110, no. 2865, pp. 543-548.〕 in ''Science'' magazine, Linus Pauling, Harvey Itano and their collaborators laid the groundwork for establishing the field of molecular medicine.〔BJ Strasser, (Perspectives: Molecular Medicine ), ("Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease" ) ''Science'', 19 November 1999, vol. 286, no.5444, pp. 1488 - 1490.〕 In 1956, Roger J. Williams wrote ''Biochemical Individuality'',〔RJ Williams (1956) ''Biochemical Individuality: The Basis for the Genetotrophic Concept'' (John Wiley & Sons, 1956; University of Texas Press, 1969 to 1979; Keats Publishing, 1998, ISBN 0-87983-893-0〕 a prescient book about genetics, prevention and treatment of disease on a molecular basis, and nutrition which is now variously referred to as individualized medicine〔MS Runge, C Patterson, VA McKusick, ( ''Principles of Molecular Medicine'' ), 2nd ed, p. 53, Humana Press, 2006 ISBN 1-58829-202-9.〕 and orthomolecular medicine.〔RJ Williams, DK Kalita (1979) Physician's Handbook on Orthomolecular Medicine, Keats Publishing, ISBN 0-87983-199-5〕 Another paper in ''Science'' by Pauling in 1968,〔Pauling L, "Orthomolecular psychiatry. Varying the concentrations of substances normally present in the human body may control mental disease", ''Science'' 19 Apr 1968; 160(825):265-71. ( PMID 5641253) ()〕 introduced and defined this view of molecular medicine that focuses on natural and nutritional substances used for treatment and prevention. Published research and progress was slow until the 1970s' "biological revolution" that introduced many new techniques and commercial applications.〔(medicine—an overview sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/22/2200268.pdf ) HKMJ, June 1997, Vol3, No. 2〕 Molecular medicine is a new scientific discipline in European universities. Combining contemporary medical studies with the field of biochemistry, it offers a bridge between the two subjects. At present only a handful of universities offer the course to undergraduates. With a degree in this discipline the graduate is able to pursue a career in medical sciences, scientific research, laboratory work and postgraduate medical degrees. == Subjects == Core subjects are similar to biochemistry courses and typically include gene expression, research methods, proteins, cancer research, immunology, biotechnology and many more besides. In some universities molecular medicine is combined with another discipline such as chemistry, functioning as an additional study to enrich the undergraduate program. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Molecular medicine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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